History of Glass
Anyone who has looked at the long-term history of human civilizations over the last 50,000 years will notice that one of the most significant transformations took place during the period 1200 to 1850. This transformation affected two of the most important human capacities: the way in which we think and our sense of sight. Compare the nature of painting in Europe in 1200 with that in 1850, or the amount of chemical, physical, and biological knowledge in Europe in 1200 to that in 1850, and one would not hesitate to pronounce that a revolution took place within this 650-year period. This revolution manifested itself not only in the world of art and architecture, but also in transport, housing, energy sources, agriculture, and manufaktur.
We know that all this happened, but after that there is little agreement. We are still uncertain as to why the Renaissance of the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries, and the scientific and industrial revolutions of the 17th and 18th centuries took place. Nor do we understand why these sweeping changes happened in western Europe, and not in the great Islamic or Chinese civilizations.
The interplay between the availability of more reliable information and the improved manufacture of alat, instruments, and artifacts contributed to the remarkable changes that swept through western Europe. Often in history, we witness the generation of new knowledge through experimentation, which then leads to significant innovations and a richer appreciation of new or improved physical artifacts. These artifacts, if they are useful, in permintaan, and relatively easy to produce, are often disseminated in large quantities. These objects then change the conditions of everyday life and may fund further theoretical explorations. Such artifacts can do this in two ways: by generating wealth that funds increased usahas to acquire fresh knowledge and by providing better alat for scientific enquiry. Hal Penting Dalam Bermain Togel Hongkong
Historically, this triangle of knowledge-innovation-quantification emerged in many spheres of life, most notably in agriculture. The loop is enduring when artifacts are widely disseminated and is a cumulative process. The speed of movement around the triangle and the frequency of its repetition provide a measure of the development of human civilizations. Our analysis of this triangle in the history of glass production and application reveals that glass contributed to the rampant changes that swept through western Europe between 1200 and 1850.*
